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• About 42% physicians use an electronic health record solution to document their patient care and about 1 in 3 uses an EHR during a patient encounter.
• Overall, 62% of physicians and 81% of patients have a positive perception of documenting patient care electronically.
• Forty-five percent of patients had a "very positive" perception of their physician or clinician documenting patient care with a computer or other electronic device.
• More than 60% of physicians feel the best benefit to using EHR is the access they have to patient records in real time.
• Physicians also believe that the ability to seamlessly share information with other doctors, pharmacies and payers are one among the most important benefits.

" In an earlier column, I complained that IT spends a lot of time providing electronic tools for clinicians--electronic health records (EHRs), computerized physician ordering systems (CPOS), etc.--but not enough time developing tools to improve patient education.

I was wrong. Digging deeper into this area has convinced me that there are all sorts of practical technology-based resources to help patients understand their treatment and how to comply with their doctors' advice. Computer-generated questionnaires, medication resolution programs, and sophisticated videos are making a difference in patient care. "

India can be a market leader in this space !

" In Denmark, we’ve developed communication thus far for almost all IT systems in the health sector. We have implemented all prescription and medication information, and all discharge letters and summaries from hospitals. This also includes outpatient notes, injury reports, x-ray reports, lab reports and lab orders. Reimbursements from health insurance have been made electronic, along with referrals to hospitals and private specialists, and referrals to psychologists. All private physicians have electronic health records today so they can communicate and transfer documents electronically, as well.

From the beginning it was a grassroots effort; we thought it was a good idea to exchange information electronically. And now it has become mandatory that you must communicate electronically. There was a state-wide agreement that this was a good idea."

" Four years after a pilot project to computerise services at state-run medical colleges and hospitals was launched, the state Medical Education Department has done a rethink and no longer considers the idea “feasible”.

This is typically what happens when these big buck projects are implemented with a Top-Down approach. A bureaucrat with a lot of money to burn decides this is a clever idea and tries to put it into practise. ( Because there's lots of money involved, it's easy to grease palms) . The results are very predictable - the project flops because there's no buy in from doctors . The project is then scrapped - and the technology gets a bad name ! It's not the technology or the idea which is flawed - it's just the way it was implemented. However, this will set EMR projects back by at least a decade, as everyone will now believe that the failure of this project " proves that EMRs do not work in India "

The vast majority of patients are usually completely satisfied with their medical care and are grateful to their doctor. However, in some cases, problems can occur, and you need to know what steps you can take if you are unhappy or dissatisfied with the outcome of your treatment.

In the first instance, you should try to resolve the problem as quickly as possible. Talk to the doctor or the hospital administration to try and settle matters at the earliest, especially with regard to minor complaints ( such as rude staff, telephone calls not being returned or unpalatable hospital food). Most complaints originate due to seemingly trivial problems.

If however, if you have a serious complaint about your medical care, and if you are convinced that your doctor has been negligent, you can take appropriate action. However, do remember that just because the outcome has not been satisfactory ( for example, a patient dies during surgery) , it does not necessarily mean that the doctor has been negligent or irresponsible! There are many reasons why patients do not do as well as expected; after all, medicine is an inexact science which deals with many biological variables that are beyond anyone's control. Consequently, in spite of the best care, a patient may die or his condition may become worse.

There are many avenues open to you to get redressal, and you may choose any or all of them. For instance, you can make a complaint to the local professional medical body, usually the state medical council. The appropriate medical council can punish the doctor: for example, by removing his name from the medical register, if he has been found guilty of serious professional misconduct, either permanently, or for a specified period, so that he can no longer practice medicine.

Before taking legal action, you should carefully consider all the implications and repercussions. The process can be a very long and expensive one. You must also ascertain precisely what you want to achieve by initiating litigation. Do you merely want an apology from the doctor? Are you angry with the doctor because you feel he was careless and you want to seek revenge? Do you want to expose the doctor's incompetence to the public to protect other patients? Do you want monetary compensation? While all or any of these objectives may provide sufficient reason to go to court, do remember that medical malpractice lawsuits are powerful double-edged weapons which should be used only as a last resort. Not only can such lawsuits damage a good doctor's reputation, they can also create a lot of tension between patients and doctors in general. Let me point out, in this context, that unnecessary and excessive medical litigation has led to the regrettable situation in which American medicine finds itself today, in which both doctors and patients have become losers.

While all IVF patients understand with their heads that not every IVF cycle results in success, in their heart of hearts, every patient expects to get pregnant every time they do IVF ! This is why the 2ww after the embryo transfer can be so nerve-wracking ! Am I pregnant or not ? Have the embryos implanted or not ? The suspense during the 2ww can be even worse than the pain of the IVF injections !

Most patients would love to have a test which will allow them to find out if they are pregnant immediately after the embryo transfer ! Have the embryos stuck or not ? Why can’t we do a pregnancy test and find out right now ? Even if I am not pregnant, at least it’s better to know than to be unsure.

To understand why patients ( and their doctors ) still have to suffer through a 2 week wait to find out the outcome of an IVF cycle, let’s look at the biological basis of pregnancy tests and how they work.

A pregnancy test measures the amount of beta hCG ( human chorionic gonadotropin) that is in your body. HCG is a hormone which is produced by the trophectoderm cells of the embryo. It is produced in detectable quantities only after the embryo implants. Since implantation occurs 3 - 8 days after the embryo transfer ( depending upon whether you have had a Day 3 transfer or a blastocyst transfer), this means that the HCG produced by your embryo will be first detectable in your bloodstream only after this time.

As your pregnancy progresses, the amount of hCG in your system will increase. At 10 days past ovulation ( DPO) , for example, the average woman has an hCG measurement of around 25 mIU. This amount doubles to 50 mIU at 12 days past ovulation, and then doubles again to 100 mIU at around two weeks past ovulation. Every woman’s body is different, and there’s a lot of variation in HCG levels from woman to woman !

Home pregnancy tests measure the level of HCG in urine. Different pregnancy tests have different levels of sensitivity which means if you use a home pregnancy test that is sensitive to 100 mIU, it will not tell you that you are pregnant if your level of hCG is only 75 mIU. These tests cannot measure a level lower than 25, so they do not become accurate until a few days after embryo implantation. A negative result before then is meaningless, since there would not be a high enough level of HCG to detect even if you were pregnant. If your test is negative, you should retest after 2 days. This is why taking a pregnancy test too early can lead to inaccurate results. I know it’s hard to wait those extra days and you may want to try much earlier. It’s fine to do this, but please don’t assume that a negative results means that you are not pregnant.
This is also why blood tests for HCG are much better than urine tests. Not only are they more reliable, accurate and sensitive, they also give the doctor a number which he can measure and monitor.

If blood tests are so sensitive, then why not do a blood test for HCG 1 week after the embryo transfer ? Unfortunately, doing a blood test for HCG so soon does not make any sense. This is because there will still be some HCG in your body as a result of the HCG trigger shot ( Choragon or Ovidrel) which the doctor gave you to trigger off ovulation 36 hours prior to egg collection. If you test too early, the test will always be positive, as this HCG will show up in the test and give rise to false hopes ! This is why the doctor needs to repeat the blood test for HCG after 48-72 hours. In a healthy pregnancy, the HCG levels will continue to rise. If they do not do so, this means this is not a viable pregnancy.

Finally, remember that you should do the test even if you bleed. Bleeding can sometimes occur during pregnancy as well – and just because you have had bleeding or spotting does not mean you are not pregnant !

Patient Centered Health Internet: "Eventually, the IHE-based Health Internet will support patients as equals on the Health Internet. Eventually, the routing between different IHE nodes will be more direct, and then the benefits of IHE might begin to outweigh the benefits of the simple Direct Exchange.But for now, the Direct model empowers the patient in ways the IHE model could never hope to."

New models will allow patients to share their medical records with other doctors - and with other expert patients as well - many of whom can give excellent advice, since they've "been there , done that " !

Why do Indian doctors continue practising in exactly the same way their seniors did 40 years ago ?

A major lacuna is the poor quality of medical records which most doctors keep. The medical record is the heart of clinical care - and yet it's extremely poorly maintained in Indian clinics today. The majority of doctors do not even bother to store and keep their patient's medical records - they just write down their opinion on their letterhead and hand it over to the patient. Usually, this is just a laundry list of tests the patients needs to do and a hand written illegible scrawled prescription - without even a mention made of the clinical findings or what the diagnostic impression is ! While it's good that the patient owns his own records, what happens if the patient forgets to get his records for the next visit ? This creates a lot of frustration for the doctor, who berates the patient for his carelessness - but the damage is done ! Wouldn't it make much more sense to keep a copy - and give one to the patient if he wants it ? Is this a lot of hard work ? Not anymore ! In the old days, one would have to make carbon paper copies or provide xeroxes, but using electronic medical records, this is now very easy to do !

Clinical care protocols are very similar in the US and in India. This is hardly surprising - after all, patients are the same the world over , and most will need the same kind of treatment. However, while most Indian doctors will provide exactly the same standard of medical care a doctor in the US does, why is there such a big difference in the way they keep medical records ?

In the US, every medical encounter is carefully documented ! Perhaps this was originally done for protecting against lawsuits for medical negligence; but today, the US government is making it compulsory for all US doctors to use EMRs - not just to improve the quality of care, but also to reduce costs ! Why don't Indian doctors use exactly the same approach to documenting their clinical care ? Are they too busy to do so ? too lazy ? or do they feel it's not important enough ?

Why do most doctors in India not bother to document their clinical encounters well ? Why is medical record keeping still shoddy and badly done in most practises ?

If Indian doctors understand the clinical importance of keeping good quality medical records, then why are they so reluctant to use EMRs ( electronic medical records ) ? In the past, it was true that PCs were very expensive; and that few doctors would afford them. Also, many older doctors were not very computer -literate; and the software programs which were available for medical record keeping were very doctor-unfriendly ! A combination of computer-unfriendly doctors and doctor-unfriendly software meant that most doctors were quite disillusioned with EMRs and were not willing to use them.

The good news is that things have changed dramatically ! Technology has improved; computers have improved; and Indian medical software companies such as Plus91 ( in which I am an angel investor) are realising the importance of mapping the doctor's clinical processes and respecting his work-flow so they are now making EMRs which are doctor-friendly and which enhance his productivity !

So why aren't Indian doctors rushing out to buy these , given the fact that they are inexpensive and can help them to improve the care they provide to their patients ?

Partly, this is because of the unhappy experiences doctors have had with Indian medical software in the past. It was the computer-savvy early adopters who were the first to lump on the IT bandwagon 10 years ago, to try to use computers to improve clinical care. Unfortunately, they burnt their fingers, which is why they are reluctant to try again.

As a consequence, most doctors do not know any one else who is using EMRs; and because they have little exposure to practise management skills during their training, they still do not understand the value an EMR can provide to their life.

Another major problem is that Indian doctors are not willing to pay for this. This is because they have been completely spoilt by the pharma companies . Because they are so used to getting everything free from pharmas, they are not willing to pay for anything at all ! This means EMR companies find it hard to sell their products - but if they do not generate revenue, how will they be able to produce good software ?

Please remember that your patients form the heart of your practise - and your patient's medical records are worth their weight in gold. If you keep them carefully; update them religiously; and share them with him, you can show your patient that you have all his medical details on your fingertips. This will help to inspire confidence in your clinical skills . Patients will rave about how well-organised you are - and this word of mouth marketing will help you get more patients, as it differentiates you from other doctors.

Also, by keeping your patient's records, you are creating a lot of patient loyalty and "stickiness" . If your patient is confident you know all about him because you have all his medical details, he is going to be very reluctant to switch doctors - after all, who wants all the hassle of explaining his medical history all over again to a new doctor ?

However , if you do not keep your patient's records; and the patient has to start explaining everything which has happened to him every time he sees you, be is likely to lose confidence in you very quickly ! ( That doctor does not even remember my name - forget about my medical problems !)

Hospitals in India have started documenting medical care electronically; and boutique medical clinics and chains have also started doing so. This is very heartening progress - and doctors who do not start doing so soon are going to find they will start losing their patients to computer-savvy doctors ! You need to move with the times - or you will get left behind !